27 more museums hold works by Jusepe de Ribera with smaller collections, not listed here.

• Where can I see Jusepe de Ribera's work?+

  Jusepe de Ribera^[9]'s paintings can be found in several European and North American museums, as well as in churches. In Spain, the Museo del Prado in Madrid holds a number of works, including *Archimedes (Democritus?)*, *Saint Andrew*, *Holy Trinity*, *Martyrdom of Saint Philip*, and *Saint Paul the Hermit*. Other Spanish locations include the Colegiata de Osuna, Museo Parroquial; the Agustinas de Monterrey, Salamanca; and the Museo Fundacion Duque de Lerma, Hospital de Tavera, in Toledo. Ribera's *Jacob's Dream* and Zurbaran's *Apparition of St Peter the Apostle to St Peter Nolasco* and *St. Casilda* can be seen at the Prado in Madrid. In Italy, many of Ribera's paintings are located in Naples, such as at the Museo e Gallerie Nazionale di Capodimonte, which houses *Drunken Silenus* and *Saint Bruno in Prayer*. Other paintings can be found at the Museo Nazionale di San Martino and the Church of the Certosa di San Martino, also in Naples. Outside of Naples, his *Portrait of a Jesuit* is in Milan's Museo Poldi-Pezzoli. Elsewhere, the Musée du Louvre in Paris has *The Clubfooted Boy* and *Adoration of the Shepherds*. In the United States, *The Sense of Taste* is at the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford, and the Meadows Museum in Dallas holds *Knight of Santiago*.
• What should I know about Jusepe de Ribera's prints?+

  Jusepe de Ribera^[9] produced a number of prints, and his paintings were also reproduced in print by others. He created at least 31 versions of half-length philosophers and ancient sages, as well as a series on the Senses; these were marketable and widely circulated. The Dutch artist Bernard Vaillant, along with his brother Wallerant, created a series of mezzotints after Ribera's work. They had learned the mezzotint technique in Frankfurt from Prince Rupert, before returning to Amsterdam by 1665. In 1672, Vaillant printed a series of eight philosophers after Ribera in Amsterdam. An example is Philosopher with Book and Compass. The Vaillant brothers produced several hundred mezzotints; most were after Dutch paintings, but a number were based on Italian paintings. It is believed that the Italian paintings used as models were easily accessible.
• Why are Jusepe de Ribera's works important today?+

  Jusepe de Ribera^[9], also known as Lo Spagnoletto, acted as a link between Spanish painting and the Neapolitan school. Born in Jativa in 1591, he died in Naples in 1652. Ribera is considered one of the most interesting interpreters of the Caravaggesque style. After initial training in Valencia, Ribera moved to Italy with his brother Jeronimo. By 1615, they were key members of the colony of Spanish painters in Rome. His earliest works, dating from this period, show the influence of Caravaggio, classical art, and Hellenistic art. He moved to Naples shortly afterwards, finding a cultural environment in which to develop his pictorial expression. Ribera's paintings display intense religious feeling and an interest in unusual physical traits. His *Drunken Silenus* (1626) shows his development of Caravaggio's style towards accentuated expressionism. His celebrated painting, *Clubfooted Boy* (1642), depicts a beggar asking for alms; it is a milestone in its genre. Neapolitan genre painting owes much to Ribera, who provided expressive models of common folk. Velazquez's arrival in Naples in 1630 encouraged Ribera to adopt a less harsh chiaroscuro and pay greater attention to colour.
• Who was Jusepe de Ribera influenced by?+

  Some believe Jusepe de Ribera^[9] may have studied with Francisco Ribalta. He was also an interpreter of the Caravaggesque style, and lived among followers of Caravaggio like Gerrit van Honthorst and Hendrik ter Brugghen.
• Who is Jusepe de Ribera?+

  Jusepe de Ribera^[9] was a Spanish painter, born in Jativa, near Valencia. Ribera acted as a link between Spanish painting and the Neapolitan school, and he was one of the most interesting and original interpreters of the Caravaggesque style.
• What techniques or materials did Jusepe de Ribera use?+

  Jusepe de Ribera^[9], also known as Lo Spagnoletto, was a Spanish painter active primarily in Italy. He acted as a link between Spanish painting and the Neapolitan school, and he became one of the most interesting interpreters of the Caravaggesque style. Ribera's early works show the influence of Caravaggio, along with classical and Hellenistic art. The painting *Drunken Silenus* (1626) shows the development of elements drawn from Caravaggio in the direction of an accentuated expressionism. The arrival of Velazquez in Naples in 1630 encouraged Ribera to adopt a less harsh form of chiaroscuro and pay greater attention to colour. After 1640, Ribera painted a group of altarpieces and other religious scenes in which he used bright colours, differing greatly from the earthy hues of his early works. Neapolitan genre painting owes a debt to Ribera, who provided expressive models for an abundant output of common folk, urchins, and animated women from the city's alleys and the countryside.
• Who did Jusepe de Ribera influence?+

  Jusepe de Ribera^[9], also known as Lo Spagnoletto, acted as a link between Spanish painting and the Neapolitan school. Ribera's art had a considerable impact in Naples. He became the model for the development of local religious painting throughout the first half of the seventeenth century. Ribera's influence also touched Baroque masters of Spain, particularly Diego Velázquez. Velázquez met Ribera on his first trip to Italy and was impressed by his bold art. Despite the differences between them, Ribera's influence is noticeable in Velázquez's later work. Francisco de Zurbarán was also influenced by Ribera. After initial training in Valencia, Ribera moved to Italy, and by 1615, he and his brother Jeronimo were key members of the colony of Spanish painters in Rome. From Naples, many paintings were commissioned by Spanish patrons. The Duke of Osuna, the Spanish viceroy of Naples, introduced Ribera to Neapolitan painting and commissioned canvases for his hometown in Andalusia.
• Who influenced Jusepe de Ribera?+

  Jusepe de Ribera^[9]'s artistic development involved a number of influences. Although some believe Ribera may have studied with Francisco Ribalta in Valencia, there is no clear stylistic evidence of this. Ribera likely went to Italy between 1607 and 1611. Caravaggio's style was at its peak in Naples at that time, and Ribera adopted the Italian master's approach as his own. By 1615, Ribera was living in Rome, where Caravaggist painting was also thriving. His early works show the impact of Caravaggio, combined with classical and Hellenistic art. While in Parma, Ribera copied the works of Correggio. Later, after settling in Naples, Ribera's style evolved further. In 1630, Velázquez visited him in Naples; afterwards, Ribera adopted a less harsh chiaroscuro and paid more attention to colour.