
The Artist's Sister, Edma, with Her Daughter, Jeanne
National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
This painting shows Berthe Morisot's sister Edma together with her daughter Jeanne, one of several canvases in which Morisot painted the pair together. Morisot's outdoor scenes of women and children from this period rely on a limited, green-dominated palette, mixed greens built from viridian and yellow, with white worked into nearly every colour mixture, and passages of freely brushed, sometimes wet-into-wet paint that leave the ground plane and figures loosely resolved rather than tightly finished[1]. That free, rapid touch was central to how contemporaries understood her work: the critic Georges Rivière praised her extraordinarily sensitive eye and her gift for capturing fleeting effects on canvas, while other critics of the period, working within the gallantries typical of French art writing at the time, tended to frame her talent as charming and feminine rather than simply skilled[2]. Morisot exhibited alongside the male Impressionists from the movement's first independent show in 1874 and continued through most of its later exhibitions, developing this loosely brushed style in step with the wider group even as her subjects stayed closer to home.
Where it is held
Held at National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C., United States.
Held at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.
A rare woman among the Impressionists
A woman painter working within the hostile, unofficial camp of early Impressionism was, by contemporary account, a genuine rarity, and Morisot was for some years the only one exhibiting regularly alongside the group[2]. Critics reacted to that novelty in ways that reveal as much about the period's assumptions as about her painting: Philippe Burty suggested that her dual status as a woman and a highly gifted artist made her uniquely able to draw public and critical attention to the Impressionist exhibitions, treating her presence almost as a curiosity that benefited the group rather than judging her work purely on its own terms[2]. Even praise came wrapped in gendered language, with Rivière's admiration for her sensitive eye paired in the same breath with a description of her talent as so charming and so feminine, a framing that shaped how her contemporaries read paintings like this one of a mother and child in a garden.
Hostile criticism and a defence
Not every critic was friendly. Writing in the Calendrier parisien on the second Impressionist exhibition in 1876, Albert Wolff, an outspoken opponent of the group, grouped Morisot among five or six lunatics who supposedly grabbed a canvas, some paint and a brush, applied a few random touches, and then signed their name[2]. Her husband, Eugène Manet, took the insult seriously enough to challenge Wolff to a duel over it. The episode did not damage Morisot's standing; if anything, being singled out for attack alongside her male colleagues confirmed her position as a full member of the group rather than a guest tolerated for novelty, permanently linking her name to the movement in the public mind[2].
Technique: colour and touch
The outdoor paintings of women and children from this period in Morisot's career share a distinctive technical signature: a palette dominated by mixed greens, built from viridian and yellow with generous white worked into nearly every mixture, producing an overall tonality that stays pale and bright rather than deeply shadowed[1]. Rather than placing the darkest tones in the foreground as older landscape convention dictated, Morisot often reversed the arrangement, setting her darkest greens above the figures and letting the ground plane read as lighter, an inversion that gives compositions with minimal descriptive detail an unusual sense of enclosure and depth at once[1]. The brushwork itself stayed visibly free throughout, small slurred passages of colour worked wet-into-wet for a child's dress, smudges of blue mixed straight into the surrounding greens, a technique that kept the paint surface active and unfinished-looking rather than smoothed into a seamless likeness.
Common questions
How was Berthe Morisot's work received by critics during her lifetime?
Unevenly, and often through a gendered lens. Some critics, including Georges Rivière, praised her sensitive eye and gift for fleeting effects, while framing her talent as feminine rather than simply skilled. Others, including Albert Wolff, attacked her alongside the rest of the Impressionist group as amateurish, prompting her husband to challenge him to a duel.
What does Morisot's painting technique look like in works like this one?
A palette dominated by mixed greens with heavy use of white, applied in visibly free, sometimes wet-into-wet brushstrokes that leave figures and settings loosely resolved rather than tightly finished. She often reversed the traditional placement of dark tones, setting her darkest greens above rather than in front of her figures.
Was Berthe Morisot considered a genuine member of the Impressionist group?
Yes, and increasingly so over time. She exhibited from the movement's first independent show in 1874 through most of its later exhibitions, and being singled out for the same hostile criticism directed at her male colleagues is generally read as confirmation that contemporaries treated her as a full member rather than a token presence.
Sources
Editorial draws on the following references, verified against the museum and public-domain image record for this work.
- [1] book Anfam, David A;Callen, Anthea. Techniques of the impressionists, Techniques of the great masters of art Used for: this artwork.
- [2] book Brodskaïa, Nathalia; , Impressionism and Post-Impressionism Used for: this artwork.
Editorial overseen by Solis Prints. Sources verified 2026-09-03. Click a source for details, or hover over [N] in the page above to preview.
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