A stark 1920 woodcut by Max Beckmann featuring a woman behind a lit candle. This German Expressionist print uses heavy black lines and distorted forms to create a tense portrait.

Max Beckmann produced this woodcut in 1920 during a period of intense creative output in Frankfurt. The work depicts a woman, likely the artist's first wife Minna Beckmann-Tube, positioned behind a lit candle. The composition uses the stark contrasts inherent to the woodcut medium to create a sense of psychological tension. Heavy black lines define the subject's features, while the white of the paper provides the illumination from the candle flame. The artist employs the angular, distorted forms common in German Expressionism. The woman's eyes are large and asymmetrical, gazing off-centre rather than at the viewer. A small cat sits on her shoulder, adding a domestic yet slightly uncanny element to the scene. The background is compressed, with a dark rectangular frame behind the head that flattens the pictorial space. Beckmann turned to printmaking extensively after his experiences as a medical orderly in the First World War. His style shifted from a traditional academic approach to this more aggressive, linear manner. The woodcut technique required him to carve directly into the block, resulting in the jagged edges and raw textures seen here. This print is a demonstration of his ability to convey complex emotional states through simplified, graphic means. The candle is the primary light source, casting sharp shadows that carve out the volume of the face. This use of light is not naturalistic but symbolic, a common device in Beckmann's work to suggest internal states. The physical act of cutting into wood mirrors the harshness of the post-war era in Germany. Every stroke of the knife is visible, from the hatching on the cheeks to the thick outlines of the hair. This specific print, titled Frau mit Kerze in German, remains one of his most recognisable portraits from the early 1920s.