A refined tempera panel by Filippo Lippi, depicting Saint Jerome in penance alongside Saint John the Baptist and Saint Ansanus.

This tempera panel by Filippo Lippi depicts Saint Jerome at the centre, flanked by Saint John the Baptist and Saint Ansanus. The composition is set within a rocky, desert environment, characteristic of the ascetic life associated with Jerome. Lippi employs a precise, linear style that defines the figures against the rugged terrain. The figures are rendered with a focus on anatomical clarity and expressive gesture, typical of the Florentine tradition during the mid-fifteenth century. Saint Jerome is shown in a moment of penance, striking his chest with a stone, while holding a crucifix. To his left, John the Baptist is identifiable by his traditional camel-hair garment and reed cross. To the right, Saint Ansanus holds a palm frond, a symbol of martyrdom, and a pomegranate, which often represents the church or the resurrection. The use of gold leaf for the halos provides a luminous contrast to the earthy tones of the rocky outcrops and the soft colours of the drapery. Lippi was a Carmelite friar whose work bridged the gap between the monumental style of Masaccio and the more decorative, linear approach that would influence later artists like Botticelli. This work demonstrates his ability to integrate human figures into a narrative setting while maintaining a clear, balanced arrangement. The panel retains its original arched shape, which dictates the placement of the figures and the surrounding landscape elements. The attention to detail in the foliage and the geological formations adds a sense of realism to the spiritual subject matter. This piece remains a clear example of the technical skill and theological focus present in Italian Renaissance devotional art.