Painted from memory in Berlin, this 1923 work by Marsden Hartley depicts the New Mexican desert through heavy, expressive forms and a sombre palette of terracotta and charcoal.

Marsden Hartley painted New Mexico Recollections, No. 12 between 1922 and 1923 while residing in Berlin. This work belongs to a series of approximately twenty-five paintings created from memory several years after his visit to the American Southwest in 1918. Hartley did not aim for topographical accuracy. Instead, he used his recollections to produce a stylised interpretation of the New Mexican terrain. The artist often revisited subjects from his past, using distance to filter out unnecessary details and focus on the emotional weight of the scene. The composition features a central, dark mountain mass flanked by smaller peaks in terracotta and ochre tones. Hartley applied paint in thick, rhythmic strokes that give the land a sculptural quality. The foreground contains tubular, log-like forms that echo the curves of the hills. Above the horizon, heavy grey and white clouds swirl in a dark sky. These atmospheric elements occupy nearly half the canvas, creating a sense of weight and movement. The clouds appear almost solid, mirroring the rounded shapes of the mountains below. Hartley's time in Europe influenced his approach to this series. The dark outlines and simplified forms suggest the impact of German Expressionism. He also drew inspiration from the structural experiments of Paul Cézanne, whose work he studied closely. By stripping the scene of specific details, Hartley focused on the physical presence of the earth. The palette relies on a limited range of earthy reds and charcoal tones. This choice of colour reflects the arid environment of the high desert while maintaining a sombre mood. This painting represents a transition in Hartley's career. It moves away from his earlier abstract experiments toward a more representational style. The New Mexico Recollections series allowed him to process his American experiences through a European modernist lens. The result is a landscape that feels both ancient and modern, capturing the rugged character of the desert through a disciplined formal arrangement.