An eighteenth-century etching by the comte de Caylus, reproducing Albrecht Dürer's narrative woodcut of the martyrdom of ten thousand Christians.

This etching by Anne Claude de Thubières, comte de Caylus, reproduces the composition of the 1496 woodcut by Albrecht Dürer. Caylus was a prominent French antiquarian and amateur artist, known for his efforts to document and preserve classical and Renaissance works. His approach to this reproduction demonstrates a clear focus on line work, capturing the dense, multi-figured narrative of the original scene with precision.

The image depicts the mass execution of ten thousand Christians, a subject drawn from the Golden Legend. The composition is divided into several distinct zones of action. In the foreground, figures are shown in various states of distress and preparation for death, while the middle ground reveals the broader scale of the persecution. The background features rocky outcrops and trees, providing a sense of place for the chaotic events. Caylus employs a light, controlled etching technique that allows the viewer to trace the individual movements of the soldiers and the victims across the page.

As an antiquarian, Caylus often sought to bring the works of earlier masters to a wider audience through his prints. This piece reflects the eighteenth-century interest in the Northern Renaissance, particularly the graphic output of Dürer. The work is not a direct copy in terms of medium, but rather an interpretation that translates the bold, heavy lines of a woodcut into the more fluid, delicate language of an etching. The result is a clear, readable narrative that maintains the dramatic tension of the original subject matter. It serves as a record of how Enlightenment-era collectors engaged with the visual history of the preceding centuries, prioritising clarity and historical documentation over the original's stark, high-contrast woodblock aesthetic.