A modernist depiction of a carnival celebration in Rio de Janeiro, featuring a stylised Eiffel Tower and geometric figures in a tropical palette.

Carnaval em Madureira, painted in 1924, is a defining work of Brazilian Modernism. Tarsila do Amaral depicts a festive scene in the Rio de Janeiro suburb of Madureira, dominated by a stylised, wooden replica of the Eiffel Tower. This structure, often used as a decorative element in carnival celebrations of the period, acts as a central axis for the composition. The painting reflects the artist's interest in combining European avant-garde techniques with Brazilian subject matter. The visual language is characterised by simplified forms, flat planes of colour, and a deliberate lack of traditional perspective. The figures are rendered with geometric clarity, their elongated shapes and rhythmic placement creating a sense of movement and celebration. The palette is composed of saturated tones, including deep greens, ochres, and blues, which evoke the tropical atmosphere of Brazil. The inclusion of the Eiffel Tower serves as a playful juxtaposition, linking the industrial aesthetic of Paris with the local traditions of a Rio neighbourhood. This work emerged during a period when Tarsila was actively defining a national identity through art. By synthesising the lessons of Cubism and Purism with the social reality of her home country, she created a visual vocabulary that was both modern and distinctly Brazilian. The composition is balanced, with the figures and architectural elements arranged to guide the eye across the canvas. The absence of complex shading or texture allows the viewer to focus on the interplay of shapes and the overall decorative quality of the scene. It remains a primary example of how the artist translated the spirit of the carnival into a structured, modernist framework.