A satirical 1842 lithograph by Honoré Daumier from his 'Histoire Ancienne' series, mocking the encounter between Alexander the Great and Diogenes.

This lithograph is part of Honoré Daumier's series titled 'Histoire Ancienne', published in the French satirical journal Le Charivari in 1842. Daumier, a master of social and political commentary, turns his attention to classical history to mock the pomposity of his own era. The print depicts the legendary encounter between Alexander the Great and the philosopher Diogenes.

In the original account, Alexander asks the philosopher if he can grant him any favour, to which Diogenes replies that he should move out of his sunlight. Daumier subverts this moment of philosophical gravity. He portrays Alexander as a puffed-up, overdressed figure in elaborate armour and a plumed helmet, appearing ridiculous in his self-importance. In contrast, Diogenes is shown as a dishevelled, reclining figure, casually smoking a pipe. The artist uses his characteristic expressive line work to contrast the rigid, artificial posture of the conqueror with the relaxed, defiant posture of the cynic.

Daumier's work often utilised the medium of lithography to reach a wide audience, allowing him to critique the power structures of nineteenth-century France through the lens of antiquity. By reducing these historical figures to caricatures, he strips away the veneer of heroism often associated with such narratives. The composition is sparse, focusing entirely on the interaction between the two men, with the tree providing a simple backdrop that anchors the scene. This print remains a sharp example of how Daumier employed humour and visual distortion to question authority and social pretension. The inclusion of the original caption at the bottom provides the necessary context for the viewer to understand the specific historical reference being lampooned.