A classic chiaroscuro woodcut by Ugo da Carpi, based on a design by Raphael, capturing the emotional gravity of the Descent from the Cross.

This chiaroscuro woodcut by Ugo da Carpi depicts the biblical scene of the Descent from the Cross. The composition is based on a design by Raphael, demonstrating the collaborative nature of printmaking during the Italian Renaissance. Ugo da Carpi is credited with introducing the chiaroscuro technique to Italy, a method that uses multiple woodblocks to create tonal variations, mimicking the appearance of wash drawings. The print employs a limited palette of ochre and brown tones against a lighter paper ground. This approach allows for a sculptural quality in the figures, as the overlapping blocks define the musculature and the folds of drapery. The scene is organised around the central vertical axis of the cross, with figures positioned on ladders to lower the body of Christ. Below, the mourning figures are arranged in a grounded, pyramidal formation, providing a sense of stability to the emotional narrative. Ugo da Carpi utilised three blocks for this impression: a line block for the contours and two tone blocks to build the shadows. The resulting image captures the dramatic tension of the event through simplified forms and clear tonal contrasts. The inscription at the bottom, referencing Raphael, acknowledges the source of the design, which was a common practice for printmakers of the period who sought to disseminate the work of major painters to a wider audience. This print remains a technical example of early sixteenth-century graphic arts, showing the transition from simple woodcuts to more sophisticated, painterly printmaking methods.