A photographic portrait of the bandit Francois Antoine Bonelli and an associate, captured in a rugged outdoor setting by Dutch photographer Théodore van Lelyveld.

This photographic study by Théodore van Lelyveld captures a moment of stillness in the rugged terrain of the Mediterranean. The image features the notorious bandit Francois Antoine Bonelli, also known as Antoine Bellascosia, seated upon a rocky outcrop. He is accompanied by an unidentified man, both figures armed with long rifles. The composition is framed by the natural texture of the stone, with the subjects positioned in a manner that suggests a brief pause during their travels.

Van Lelyveld, a Dutch ethnographer and photographer, documented various cultural subjects during his travels. His approach to this subject is direct, focusing on the rugged appearance of the men and their equipment. The presence of the rifle and the pipe held by the seated figure provides a sense of the harsh reality of their existence. The photograph is mounted on grid-lined paper, a common practice for archival or personal documentation during the early twentieth century. The handwritten annotation below the image, 'Een z.g.m. bandit', translates to 'A so-called bandit', indicating the photographer's own observational distance from the romanticised notion of the outlaw.

The lighting is natural, casting soft shadows across the rock face and the figures. The monochromatic tones emphasise the textures of the clothing and the weathered stone. This work offers a glimpse into the documentation of regional figures who existed on the fringes of society, captured through the lens of a traveller interested in the specificities of human character and costume. It remains a piece of historical record, providing a visual account of individuals whose lives were often subject to myth and local folklore.