A detailed etching by James Barry depicting the moral transformation of the philosopher Polemon under the guidance of Xenocrates.

James Barry, an Irish painter and printmaker, produced this etching in 1778. The work depicts a classical narrative concerning the philosopher Xenocrates and his student, Polemon. According to historical accounts, Polemon, a young man known for his dissolute lifestyle, entered the school of Xenocrates while intoxicated. Upon hearing the philosopher speak on temperance and self-control, Polemon was moved to discard his floral garland and abandon his hedonistic habits to pursue philosophy.

Barry employs a dramatic, theatrical composition to convey this moral transformation. The figure of Xenocrates stands to the left, gesturing with authority as he addresses his audience. His form is draped in heavy, classical robes, which are rendered with precise, rhythmic lines characteristic of Barry's etching technique. To the right, Polemon sits in a state of visible agitation, his hand raised to his head as he removes the wreath of flowers. The contrast between the composed, upright philosopher and the slumped, conflicted student creates a psychological tension that defines the scene.

The background features architectural elements that suggest an Athenian setting, including a distant statue atop a column. Barry uses light and shadow to direct the viewer's attention toward the interaction between the two central figures. The surrounding students are depicted with varied expressions of curiosity and contemplation, adding depth to the narrative. This print reflects the artist's interest in the didactic potential of history painting, a genre he championed throughout his career. The etching demonstrates his technical skill in managing complex tonal values, using cross-hatching to build volume and atmosphere within the confined space of the lecture hall.