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Ensor and Leman discussing painting by James Ensor

Ensor and Leman discussing painting

Collectie Vlaamse Gemeenschap

James Ensor is remembered chiefly for the crowded, mask-filled, carnival-esque paintings he began making in the mid-1880s, but this picture, showing the artist alongside a companion named Leman deep in conversation about painting, belongs to an earlier and much quieter phase of his career. From around 1880, when Ensor was still in his early twenties, he spent roughly five years painting mundane, closely observed subjects: interiors, self-portraits, still lifes and, as here, scenes of people simply present in a room together. Art historians later labelled this his sombre period, for its dark, restrained palette rather than any grim subject matter. Ensor worked through these years in a studio in the attic of his parents' house in the seaside town of Ostend, where he had trained briefly at two local landscape painters' studios before three years at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Brussels. The painting captures that formative stretch before masks, skeletons and grotesque figures took over his art, when Ensor was still working in a naturalistic, tonal style closer to Dutch and Belgian genre painting than to the Symbolist and proto-Expressionist work that would later make his name.

Where it is held

Held at Collectie Vlaamse Gemeenschap.

The painting is held by the Collectie Vlaamse Gemeenschap (Flemish Community Collection).

Ensor before the masks

Between about 1880 and 1885, Ensor painted fairly ordinary subjects: domestic interiors, portraits of family and friends, still lifes and scenes of quiet company. This body of work only later acquired the name sombre period, a description of its dark, tonal colour rather than its mood[1]. Ensor worked through these years almost entirely in Ostend, in a studio set up in the attic of his parents' house, a space he kept using until 1917. Painting a companion in conversation, as this work does, fits naturally into that early practice of observing people close to him in ordinary settings, well before carnival masks and skeletal figures replaced human faces in his paintings from the mid-1880s onward[1].

Training and early influences

Ensor's formal training began locally, with two Ostend landscape painters he later dismissed as provincial, before he enrolled at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Brussels from 1877 to 1880, a school built around the precise technique that had made the Salon painter Jan Verhas successful[2]. Ensor repudiated this academic training almost as soon as he left it, writing a sharply satirical account of his time there, yet he continued privately copying reproductions of old masters such as Rembrandt, Jan Steen and Honore Daumier, and of contemporaries including Eugene Delacroix and Jules Bastien-Lepage, published in journals such as the Gazette des Beaux-Arts[2]. Despite his later claims to have worked in near total isolation in Ostend, Ensor kept close ties to Brussels throughout this period and was well versed in the art of his own time[2].

Brussels friendships and the avant-garde

During his three years at the Brussels Academy, Ensor became friends with the painters Xavier Mellery and Willy Finch, both of whom would remain part of his artistic circle for years afterward, and he made contact through them with a radical literary and political scene in the city[3]. This network mattered later in his career: when Ensor's exhibiting years through the 1880s turned stormy, including a rejection from the Antwerp Salon in 1882 in the same year his work was accepted at the Paris Salon, it was this Brussels circle that gave him a footing[3]. He went on to become a founding member of Les XX, the influential group of Belgian avant-garde artists formed from earlier exhibiting societies such as La Chrysalide and L'Essor, though his relationship with the group later grew strained[3].

Common questions

  • Who is Leman in Ensor's painting Ensor and Leman Discussing Painting?

    The identity of Leman is not established in the available record. The painting shows Ensor with a companion of that name, consistent with the artist's early habit of painting people from his own circle in ordinary settings.

  • When did James Ensor paint this work?

    It belongs to the earlier, naturalistic phase of Ensor's career, roughly 1880 to 1885, before masks and carnival imagery came to dominate his painting.

  • Why does this painting look so different from Ensor's famous mask paintings?

    Ensor did not introduce masks and grotesque figures into his work until the mid-1880s. Before that, he painted straightforward, closely observed scenes of interiors, portraits and companions in conversation, in a darker, more restrained palette later called his sombre period.

  • Where did Ensor train as an artist?

    He studied briefly with two local landscape painters in Ostend before spending three years, from 1877 to 1880, at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Brussels, where he met fellow painters Xavier Mellery and Willy Finch.

Sources

Editorial draws on the following references, verified against the museum and public-domain image record for this work.

  1. [1] book Hodge, Susie;, Artists at Home Used for: this artwork.
  2. [2] book Patricia G. Berman, Christ's Entry into Brussels in 1889 Used for: this artwork.
  3. [3] book Post-impressionism : cross-currents in European painting Used for: this artwork.

Editorial overseen by Solis Prints. Sources verified 2026-09-03. Click a source for details, or hover over [N] in the page above to preview.

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