{"product_id":"every-girl-pulling-for-victory-edward-penfield","title":"Chaque fille lutte pour la victoire - Edward Penfield","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEvery Girl Pulling for Victory\u003c\/em\u003e d’Edward Penfield (1918) est une affiche américaine de recrutement de la Première Guerre mondiale, créée durant la dernière année du conflit. Elle représente une jeune femme vêtue d’une tenue de marin qui rame dans un bateau portant le mot « Victoire », un appel direct aux femmes pour qu’elles contribuent à l’effort de guerre en travaillant en usine, dans les soins infirmiers, l’agriculture et les services administratifs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eContexte historique\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEn 1918, les États-Unis étaient en guerre depuis un peu plus d’un an. Des millions d’hommes étant déployés sur le front occidental, le gouvernement lança une campagne de propagande coordonnée afin de mobiliser les femmes dans des fonctions qui permettaient à l’économie et à la chaîne d’approvisionnement militaire de tourner. La Division of Pictorial Publicity, un corps de bénévoles composé d’illustrateurs et de graphistes dirigé par Charles Dana Gibson, produisit des centaines d’affiches pour rallier le soutien du public. L’image de Penfield s’inscrit dans cette tradition et utilise la métaphore de l’aviron pour présenter le travail des femmes en temps de guerre comme une action collective et patriotique.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLa palette de rouge, de blanc et de bleu de l’affiche est délibérée et renforce l’identité nationale. La composition est épurée et directe : une figure, un bateau, un mot. Aucune scène de bataille. Le message met plutôt l’accent sur la participation des civils et sur l’idée que la victoire dépend de tous, soldats compris, mais pas d’eux seuls.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLa métaphore de l’aviron comporte des connotations précises. L’aviron était associé aux universités prestigieuses et à la discipline collective ; chaque coup doit être synchronisé pour faire avancer le bateau. Penfield transpose cette idée d’effort coordonné du hangar à bateaux à l’usine et à l’hôpital, invitant les femmes à unir leurs efforts avec la même précision. L’affiche fut largement diffusée en 1918 et reste l’un des exemples de propagande de guerre américaine les plus souvent reproduits dans les manuels et les expositions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eÀ propos d’Edward Penfield (1866–1925)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSouvent considéré comme le père de l’affiche américaine, Penfield fut directeur artistique du magazine Harper’s de 1890 à 1901, période durant laquelle il réalisa plus de 100 couvertures. Son style s’inspirait des estampes japonaises sur bois et de la tradition française de l’affiche : aplats de couleur, contours marqués et détails réduits au minimum. Il devint l’un des illustrateurs les plus célèbres du mouvement Art nouveau américain, et ses affiches de guerre restent parmi les exemples de propagande graphique du début du XXe siècle les plus étudiés.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCette reproduction d’art est imprimée sur un papier de qualité muséale, fidèle aux couleurs vives et à la simplicité graphique de l’original.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Edward Penfield","offers":[{"title":"Fine Art Poster \/ A4 (21x29.7 cm) \/ -","offer_id":56980467745103,"sku":null,"price":28.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"Fine Art Poster \/ A3 (29.7 x 42  cm) \/ -","offer_id":56983242998095,"sku":null,"price":35.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"Fine Art Poster \/ A2 (42 x 59.4  cm) \/ -","offer_id":56983243030863,"sku":null,"price":45.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"Fine Art Poster \/ B2 (50x70 cm) \/ 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